Disk Repair Tool For Mac On Windwos

Disk Repair Tool For Mac On Windows
Repair Tool For Windows 10
Disk Repair Tool For Mac On Windows 10

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“Try repairing your disk permissions” is a standard Mac troubleshooting tip that’s been going around forever. There are actually two different tools for repairing different types of disk permissions, and one of them is very hidden.

The permissions here are really file and directory permissions, but they’re generally called “disk permissions.” Your Mac won’t automatically repair permissions except while installing or upgrading Mac OS X itself.

Update: As of Mac OS X 10.11 El Capitan, the Disk Utility in Mac OS X no longer includes a way to repair Disk Permissions. This is no longer necessary thanks to System Integrity Protection.

What Are Permissions, and What Does Repairing Them Do?

RELATED:How to Disable System Integrity Protection on a Mac (and Why You Shouldn’t)

Like on other operating systems, including Windows and Linux, files and directories on a Mac each have their own permissions. The permissions control which users and system processes have access to the files, and what they can do. For example, system files are marked read-only so normal user programs can’t modify them. Executable files must be marked as executable or the system won’t allow them to run.

The permission system is a way Mac OS X and other operating systems ensure security. A program you run on your desktop can’t just modify your system files without permission. If you have multiple user accounts on your Mac, permissions keep each user account’s files private from other uses.

Macs have two different types of permissions. There are standard UNIX file permissions, the same sort of permissions you’d find on Linux. There are also more modern access control list (ACL) permissions. You can view a file or directory’s permissions by holding Ctrl and clicking the file or directory in the Finder, clicking Get Info, and looking under Sharing & Permissions

Your Mac contains a database of permissions. The database is stored in “Bill of Materials” files inside the /var/db/receipts and /Library/Receipts folders. Mac OS X system files and third-party applications installed from .pkg files leave .bom files here, and the files list which permissions the system files or program files should have.

When you repair permissions, your Mac looks at the .bom files here and checks the actual files on your system. If a file or folder on your system has permissions that don’t match the permissions specified in the .bom files, your Mac will change the permissions to match those in the .bom files.

Note that this doesn’t apply to all files on your system. Your personal data files don’t have any entries in the permissions database, and third-party applications that don’t use .pkg files won’t be represented in the database. The permissions-fixing operation will leave all these other files alone.

When Should You Repair Permissions?

During the normal use of your system, it’s possible that programs will change file or folder permissions from their original ones. It’s possible that these new permissions will then cause problems. For example, a program might incorrectly assign write permissions to system files, reducing security by allowing normal user programs to modify them. A program might make a program file not-executable, preventing an application from running. A program might accidentally give your user account read-only access to your home folder, preventing you from saving or modifying any files.

There are many problems that can be caused by incorrect — or “damaged” — permissions. Repairing your file permissions is also a safe operation. The repair process shouldn’t cause any problems. That’s why repairing your Mac’s permissions is one of the first troubleshooting tips you’ll get if you have a problem with your Mac.

If you’re not having trouble with your Mac, you shouldn’t need to repair permissions. If you’re having some sort of problem, repairing your permissions is a good, safe place to start.

How to Repair Disk Permissions

You can repair your Mac’s permissions from the Disk Utility application. To open it, press Command + Space to open Spotlight search, type Disk Utility, and press Enter.

Select your Mac’s system partition — generally “Macintosh HD.” Click the Verify Disk Permissions button if you’d like to check your permissions for problems. Click Repair Disk Permissions to check for problems and automatically fix them.

Note that it’s normal for some permissions to change in normal use of your system, and this doesn’t always cause problems. You’ll probably see some incorrect permissions even if there’s nothing wrong with your Mac. This is nothing to worry about. We saw quite a few incorrect permissions on our Mac, but it wasn’t misbehaving at all. They weren’t really a problem.

RELATED:8 Mac System Features You Can Access in Recovery Mode

That’s it — your permissions will be repaired. If your Mac is experiencing such severe problems that it won’t boot normally, you can also access the Disk Utility from OS X Recovery and repair disk permissions from there. Your Mac also automatically runs a disk permission repair when your install Mac OS X on top of an existing Mac OS X installation, so reinstalling or upgrading your Mac operating system should also fix disk permissions problems.

How to Repair Home Directory Permissions

There’s also a second tool that repairs some permissions. This repair tool will repair your user account’s home directory permissions. If you’re having problems with your user account’s files — perhaps you can’t save any files to your home directory, possibly because it’s been made read-only — you can use this tool.

Disk Repair Tool For Mac On Windows

This tool doesn’t use .bom files to adjust system file permissions, it just repairs a user account’s home directory to the standard, default permissions.

To do this, enter OS X Recovery by restarting your Mac and holding Command + R. In the Recovery environment, click Utilities on the menu bar and select Terminal. Type resetpassword into the Terminal and press Enter. Click your Mac’s hard drive and select the user account that’s experiencing problems.

At the bottom of the window, click the Reset button under Reset Home Directory Permissions and ACLs. This will just reset the user account’s permissions, not its password.

Restart your Mac when you’re done. The user account’s home directory permissions will now be repaired.

Repairing your Mac’s permissions shouldn’t be a mandatory, regular system maintenance task. It will only help if you’re actually experiencing a problem, so there’s no reason to run this tool regularly. On the other hand, this is a safe operation, so there’s no danger in repairing disk permissions if you think it might help.

Image Credit: Karlis Dambrans on Flickr

Use “First Aid” in the Disk Utility

You can perform a disk health check from the Disk Utility application included with Mac OS X. Apple updated this utility’s interface on Mac OS X 10.11 El Capitan, so it’ll look a bit different from the screenshots below if you’re still using and older version of Mac OS X.

To launch it, you can press Command+Space to open Spotlight search, type “Disk Utility”, and press Enter. Or, you can navigate to your Applications folder, double-click the “Utilities” folder, and double-click the “Disk Utility” shortcut.

In the Disk Utility application, select the disk or partition you want to check — the system partition is named “Macintosh HD” by default — and click the “First Aid” button.

You can either run the First Aid function on an entire disk, or an individual partition on that disk. It depends which you select in the sidebar.

Click “Run” and your Mac will check the disk you selected for errors. If it finds any errors, it will attempt to automatically fix them for you.

You can click the “Show Details” drop-down message to view detailed information about any errors it encounters. You’ll see messages like “Storage system check exit code is 0” and “File system check exit code is 0” here. An exit code of “0” is a good thing, and means no errors were found.

Boot into Safe Mode

RELATED:Troubleshoot Your Mac With These Hidden Startup Options

One simple way to fix such errors is to boot your Mac into Safe Mode. Safe Mode, sometimes called “Safe Boot,” contains an automatic startup check and repair that can fix these problems.

To do this, restart your Mac and hold “Shift” while it’s booting. Sign in with your password and your Mac will then check your disks. This will make the login process take longer than normal, so be patient.

When it’s done logging in and you see a desktop, the disk check is done. You can reboot your Mac at this point.

Run First Aid in Recovery Mode

RELATED:8 Mac System Features You Can Access in Recovery Mode

Ideally, that should be the end of it — especially if you used the safe mode trick above. However, in some cases, your Mac may find disk or file system problems and be unable to repair them when you perform the above steps. This is because it’s running in “live mode” — examining the disk while the operating system is running from it. It can’t make changes to that system drive while it’s running from it.

The solution is to boot into a special recovery mode. From there, you can use Disk Utility in the same way. Your Mac will be able to fix errors on your system drive from recovery mode.

To do this, restart your Mac. Press and hold the “Command+R” keys while it’s booting. You’ll see a progress bar appear, and you can release the keys after you do. Your Mac will load straight into recovery mode. (If recovery mode doesn’t appear, restart your Mac and try pressing the keys again.)

In OS X Recovery, click the “Disk Utility” shortcut to launch the Disk Utility here. Select the drive or partition you need to repair and click the “First Aid” button. The Disk Utility interface is the same one you’ll see on your Mac OS X desktop, but run it from here and it’ll be able to repair problems with your system drive.

Use fsck in Single-User Mode

Repair Tool For Windows 10

In some cases, even Safe Mode or Disk Utility in OS X Recovery won’t be enough to fix problems. You may need to boot your Mac into single-user mode and run the fsck (file system check) command the old-fashioned way. You don’t need to do this if any of the above steps worked. This is the thing you should try last, as Disk Utility in the recovery environment may work better and be more capable.

To do this, start your Mac in single-user mode. Restart it, and then press and hold the Command+S keys while it boots.

You’ll enter single-user mode, which will provide you with a text-mode terminal. Type the following command into the terminal and press Enter to start a file system check:

/sbin/fsck -fy

The command will run through several phases of checks. When it’s done, you’ll see a message saying “** The volume [name] appears to be OK” if everything is fine.

If it found problems, you’ll see a “***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****” message. This indicates the fsck command found and fixed problems. The fsck command may find additional errors after repairing the first batch of errors, so Apple recommends you run the fsck command again if it found and fixed problems. Run the above fsck command over and over until you see a “** The volume [name] appears to be OK” message.

When the fsck command says your disk is okay, type the following command at the terminal and press Enter:

reboot

Your Mac will reboot, returning you to the usual login screen.

The above steps should only be necessary if you’re experiencing errors with your Mac. Assuming everything is fine, you don’t need to regularly perform disk first-aid checks. However, if you do want to run a check, you can just do it with Disk Utility from within Mac OS X. You don’t need to reboot into any other environments unless there’s an error on a system drive you need to fix.

Disk Repair Tool For Mac On Windows 10

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